In May of 2013, few people in the United States — let alone worldwide — knew anything about Edward Snowden.
The mild-mannered IT security contractor and former CIA employee had the usual circle of family and friends but wasn’t exactly a newsmaker, until in June he leaked a host of classified NSA documents detailing government surveillance programs. He’s become an international symbol of the struggle for personal data privacy and control, called a villain by some and a revolutionary by others. According to the man himself, however, “I’m neither traitor nor hero. I’m an American.”
Now, a new documentary “Citizenfour” by Laura Poitras looks to run headlong into the firestorm created by Snowden and the NSA to show a different version of the man painted technology turncoat.
Citizenfour
Poitras was among the few present in Hong Kong last year when Snowden first revealed details of NSA surveillance programs. He initially reached out to journalist Glenn Greenwald, but broke off communications when Greenwald refused to encrypt his messages. Snowden then contacted Portias after seeing her documentary about another NSA whistleblower, William Binney. Signing his emails as only “Citizenfour”, Snowden arranged a meeting with Poitras, Greenwald and Guardian journalist Ewen McAskill in Hong Kong.
The three were understandably skeptical about Snowden’s claim, since none had any idea who he was and his claims sounded like outlandish, paranoid pulp novels. As noted by Forbes, the man was so consumed with finally giving full access to everything he knew that he neglects to give any information about himself. McAskill says he’s never heard of Snowden, prompting the bookish young man to rattle off his resume. Again, McAskill interrupts and says the man hasn’t even given his real name — and soon enough, all three come to realize the implications of Snowden’s disclosure.
Ultimately, the film is an effort to give Snowden context, to let the man himself speak about what he’s leaked and what it means for Americans and the world at large. While the NSA wants to brand him traitor and claims he’s a Russian spy, Greenwald says “this is the first time people can see who Snowden really is. They can decide what they think about him.”
The Real Threat
So what exactly did Snowden reveal that was so damning to the NSA? It starts with information about PRISM, which gives the American government access to citizens’ Google, Microsoft Yahoo accounts, and moves into revelations about GCHQ, the NSA’s British partner; under project Tempora, the agency intercepted private from the fibre optic cables which form the backbone of the Internet at large, data which was allegedly shared with the NSA. In addition, Snowden disclosed that telecomms company Verizon was bound by a secret court order to hand over the phone records of millions of Americans every day. And while the US government has done its best to profile him as a traitor and defector, recent polls show 55 percent of Americans agree with Snowden’s decision to release details on PRISM and similar programs.
Dire Warnings
What of the man himself? According to Wired, he’s now living in Moscow with his girlfriend, where his temporary visa has been extended another three years. He original destination was Latin America, he says, but the US cancelled his passport while he was in Russia. And while he’s not exactly a public figure in Moscow, he does take time for the occasional “remote interview” with publications like the New Yorker. His message? Citizens need to protect their own privacy. “Get rid of dropbox,” he says, because it doesn’t support encryption, and stop using Facebook and Google. He argues that the oft-heard refrain of “I have nothing to hide” is akin to giving up your right to privacy — the government must justify its violation of your rights, rather than forcing you to defend them.
It’s a familiar song from a (now) recognizable face: users are legitimately concerned about their privacy online and how vulnerable they may be to secret government programs, malicious attackers or even corporations. One simple solution is a secure VPN. Browse wherever, whenever and with the peace of mind that the only IP address hackers or governments will ever see is ours: you keep your right to anonymity, we give you the speed and worldwide access you want.
Love him or hate him, Snowden has a point: Never surrender your right to privacy.